Computer & AI-Assisted Surgical Systems

Basics

Robotic Surgery

Posted: May 19, 2023

Updated Oct 20, 2026

The term Robotic Surgery can be misleading, as the majority of currently available systems still lack programmability or autonomy. Although surgical autonomy is inevitable, at present, the term primarily pertains to remote systems utilized for soft-tissue surgery, enabling the remote execution of advanced endoscopic procedures (ortopedic surgery robots, endovascular robots, and even otologic surgery robots are other different worlds). It is important to note that the surgeon remains the active participant in the surgical process, operating in a master-slave configuration interacting with the robotic device to carry out the procedure.

Surgical autonomy is inevitable

Numerous companies have devoted significant efforts over the years to develop diverse solutions in the field of robotic surgery, resulting in the introduction of numerous devices for clinical utilization. The details? See bellow.

Learn more:

A little bit of history
R.U.R.
Other gadgets
Robotic Microsurgery
Surgical Assistant Humanoid Robots
Close-up portrait of a male surgeon wearing scrubs, smiling and looking directly at the camera in a clinical setting.

J Granell
Robotic Surgeon

Whether you are a medical professional seeking in-depth knowledge or an individual interested in expanding your understanding, whether you seek to explore the nuances of robotic surgical systems, understand their benefits, or stay up-to-date with the latest industry trends, this website serves as a resource for gaining a deeper understanding of this rapidly evolving field.

AI & surgery

There is a revolution going on. AI is reshaping the world as we know it. Nothing will remain the same. Where more tech is involved, changes will be more radical. Medicine in general is a particular edge. And just see the logo of this web (Tech Improving Outcomes).

Everything is going very fast. The paragraph at the beginning of this page is still true, but it will not be for long. We will try to keep you updated here.

The landscape of surgical robots for Head&Neck Surgery (Sept 2026)

Soft-tissue robotic surgery systems

Robot profiles are organized in seven categories; current systems for soft tissue robotic surgery and microssurgery, endoluminal robots, robotic surgical asssitants, systems under development, obsolete systems, and systems that never reached the market. Inside each group, the order attends to the year of market introduction. Note that the current system of a particular company might not be the original one. For example the da Vinci (Intuitive Surgical) has been in the market for more than 25 years, and it is already in the fifth generation (get into the profile for the details).

See also an alphabetical list top down.

Current systems for soft-tissue robotic surgery

da Vinci robotic surgery system from Intuitive, showcasing robotic arms and console in a medical setting.
da Vinci (Intuitive Surgical) 1999
Revo-i (Meerecompany) 2017
Versius robotic surgical system by Cambridge Medical Robotics (CMR) positioned around a table with surgical instruments.
Versius (CMR) 2019
hinotori robotic surgical system by Medicaroid, featuring articulated robotic arms and surgical instruments.
hinotori (Medicaroid) 2020
Dexter (Distalmotion) 2020
Anovo (Momentis Surgical) 2021
Hugo RAS robotic surgical system by Medtronic, featuring advanced robotic arms and control interface.
Hugo RAS (Medtronic) 2021
Kangduo (Sagebot) 2022
A surgical robotic system featuring multiple arms and instruments, designed for advanced minimally invasive procedures, with a control console in the foreground.
Toumai (MicroPort MedBot) 2022
A robotic surgical system featuring a compact design with two robotic arms and a control console. The system has a base with color-coded foot pedals for operation.
Edge. (Edge Medical) 2022
Close-up view of a robotic surgical tool with three articulated arms, featuring metallic claws and illuminated center, labeled 'Shurui'.
Shurui (Surgerii Robotics) 2023
Saroa (Riverfield Inc.) 2023
SSi Mantra (SS Inovations) 2024
Sentire (Cornerstone Robotics) 2024
Agibot (Agibot) 2025
Carina (Ronovo Surgical) 2025
OTTAVA (J&J) 2026
Bitrack (Rob Surgical) 2026

Current systems for microsurgery

Symani surgical system by MMI displayed in a surgical environment with robotic arms and a control console.
Symani (MMI)
Musa (Microsure)

Endoluminal robots

A mobile robotic arm device with multiple articulated joints, designed for various tasks, featuring a sleek white and black design.
Monarch (Auris Health)
Close-up of textured sand dunes with smooth, wavy patterns in black and white.
Ion (Intuitive)

Robotic surgical assistants

Maestro (Moon Surgical)
SpeedPAL (Fullbright Medical)
SoloAssist (AKTORmed)
A surgical scene featuring robotic arms positioned over a patient's abdomen, with a blue surgical drape and medical instruments visible.
MARS (Levita Magnetics)

Systems under development

Sony Microsurgery Assistance Robot
Kai (KouTech)
A pair of robotic arms positioned on either side of a surgical table, reaching towards a small object resembling a model or prosthetic part, against a dark background.
Aleph (Aleph)

Obsolete and discontinued systems

Illustration of the Zeus robotic surgery system, depicting its structure and components.
Zeus (Computer Motion)
Illustration of a robotic surgery system featuring a surgical table, robotic arms, and supporting equipment labeled 'Flex'.
Flex (Medrobotics)

Robotic systems that never reached the market

VIcarious (Vicarious Surgical).

Alphabetical

Related post (in this web):

Names in Robotic Surgery

Robotic surgery is not the work of a single surgeon, company, or technological breakthrough. It is the result of the contributions of many individuals from different backgrounds: surgeons who envisioned new ways of operating, engineers who transformed those ideas into technology, scientists who developed the underlying concepts, and entrepreneurs who brought them into clinical practice. This section highlights some of the people whose ideas, decisions, and perseverance have helped shape the evolution of robotic surgery, from its early origins to the systems and applications we know today. Some are widely recognized figures; others are less well known, but their contributions deserve to be remembered.

Illustration of a smiling middle-aged man with gray hair, wearing a blue suit and light shirt.
Fred Moll
A digital watercolor portrait of a smiling man with short dark hair, wearing a navy blue t-shirt against a light background.
Akhil Madhani
A watercolor-style portrait of a middle-aged man with gray hair and glasses, wearing a blue blazer and checkered shirt, looking directly at the viewer.
Jacques Marescaux
A watercolor portrait of a smiling man wearing glasses and a blue medical scrub top.
Greg Weinstein
A watercolor illustration of a smiling middle-aged man with dark hair, wearing a suit jacket over a light shirt.
Yulum Wang
A watercolor illustration of a smiling man with glasses, wearing a suit and tie, against a soft beige background.
Claudio Vicini